CONTROL STATEMENT

Control statements are fundamental elements in programming that allow you to control the flow of execution based on certain conditions. Here’s a brief overview of the various control statements:

• if: Executes a block of code if a condition is true.
• else: Executes a block of code if the if condition is false.
• else if: Tests additional conditions if the previous conditions are false.
• switch/case: Executes one block of code among many based on the value of an expression.

1. if Statement

The if statement executes a block of code if a specified condition is true.

• Syntax:

if (condition) {

// code to be executed if condition is true

}

• Example:

int age = 18;

if (age >= 18) {

printf("You are an adult.\n");

}

2. else Statement

The else statement follows an if statement and executes a block of code if the condition in the if statement is false.

• Syntax:

if (condition) {

// code to be executed if condition is true

} else {

// code to be executed if condition is false

}

• Example:

int age = 17;

if (age >= 18) {

printf("You are an adult.\n");

} else {

printf("You are not an adult.\n");

}

3. if/else if/else Statement

This structure allows you to test multiple conditions and execute different blocks of code based on which condition is true.

• Syntax:

if (condition1) {

// code to be executed if condition1 is true

} else if (condition2) {

// code to be executed if condition2 is true

} else {

// code to be executed if all conditions are false

}

• Example:

int score = 85;

if (score >= 90) {

printf("Grade: A\n");

} else if (score >= 80) {

printf("Grade: B\n");

} else if (score >= 70) {

printf("Grade: C\n");

} else {

printf("Grade: F\n");

}

4. switch/case Statement

The switch statement allows you to execute one code block out of many based on the value of a variable.

• Syntax:

switch (expression) {

case constant1:

// code to be executed if expression equals constant1

break;

case constant2:

// code to be executed if expression equals constant2

break;

// more cases...

default:

// code to be executed if expression doesn't match any constant

}

• Example:

int day = 3;

switch (day) {

case 1:

printf("Monday\n");

break;

case 2:

printf("Tuesday\n");

break;

case 3:

printf("Wednesday\n");

break;

case 4:

printf("Thursday\n");

break;

case 5:

printf("Friday\n");

break;

case 6:

printf("Saturday\n");

break;

case 7:

printf("Sunday\n");

break;

default:

printf("Invalid day\n");

}